A media failure? Reporter defends Ipperwash coverage

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Peter Edwards

Peter EdwardsI've never dreaded an interview as much as the one I had recently with my old friend, Sam George.

The topic was how Sam has been diagnosed with pancreatic and lung cancer and how many people - although not Sam - think he has little time left among us.

That was on my mind a few days later when I took part in a Canadian Journalism Foundation panel discussion at the University of Toronto called, "The Greatest Canadian Media Failure of the Century: Reporting on Aboriginal Issues."

In my opening remarks, I talked about how I first met Sam early in the morning on Sept. 7, 1995, a few hours after his younger brother Dudley had been shot dead by an Ontario Provincial Police officer in a burial grounds protest at Ipperwash Provincial Park on Lake Huron.

Dudley was originally dismissed as a terrorist and a criminal, but Sam’s persistent questioning brought to light what really happened the night his brother died.

By the time Sam was done telling his story and asking his questions, a court found that Dudley had been unarmed. Top politicians were shown to be liars and scores of recommendations were drafted on how to prevent such a terrible tragedy from ever happening again.

Sam’s search for truth was, by any standards, a success and it began immediately after he received the news of his brother’s death.

That morning when I first met Sam, he had never spoken with a reporter before and one of my first questions was about who he blamed for the tragedy.

“I’m not blaming anyone but I need to know the truth,” he told me in a soft voice.

I told the Canadian Journalism Foundation panel that it was years before I learned what Sam really meant that terrible night. The word truth in Ojibway is Debwewin, and it means something that’s factually correct, but also involves healing.

Debwewin isn’t about anger or accusations or scapegoating or knee-jerk politics, but rather about pulling out the best in people.

Since that first meeting, I have talked with Sam hundreds of times. My interview with him last month was emotional, but I left happy that we'd chatted. Sam still wants to get his story out and he still appreciates it when the mainstream media – or anyone else - listens. He doesn’t want to have another Ipperwash tragedy. He wants people outside his community to understand Debwewin too.

That was the message I hoped to bring to the journalism panel.

I left the panel discussion at The University of Toronto with a feeling of failure. I felt depressed and angry and wondered if I should have bothered to show up in the first place.

I tried to tell Sam’s story, but it clearly made no impression on the first person to stand up and address the panel. He blasted us in the mainstream media for being derelict in our responsibilities. He had clearly read none of the more than 600 articles Harold Levy and I wrote for the Toronto Star, or seen the scores of editorials, columns and political cartoons in the Star pushing for a public inquiry.

He also obviously hadn’t read articles and editorials in The Globe and Mail by Richard Mackie and Kirk Makin, or appreciated how the Globe stayed with the story, despite a $15-million libel suit from former Premier Mike Harris. He also seemed unaware of fine investigative material that aired of CBC-TV’s the fifth estate. He clearly had no interest in any of this. His mind was made up already. We were from the mainstream media and so we must be guilty, no matter what we do or try to do.

Unlike me, Sam is a patient man, and is able to deliver a powerful message gently.

Sam has often told me that he doesn’t allow himself to be goaded into anger. Keeping his cool was something he consciously worked on in his push for a public inquiry, with the help of elders like Thomas White of the tiny Washagamis Bay First Nation in northwestern Ontario.

“If I didn’t, I’d just be another angry person,” Sam told me more than once.

That night at the panel, I didn’t feel like apologizing for being a member of the mainstream media. I still don’t. Truth be told, I’m proud of it and grateful that the Star allowed Harold Levy and I to stay with the story for more than a dozen years, even when we were routinely served with libel notices, including three in one particularly nasty week.

I’m also grateful and surprised that CTV aired a movie based on One Dead Indian, my book on Ipperwash. In doing so, they also went along with Sienna Films’ conviction that all major cast members had to be First Nations.

I blasted the questioner and I still think he deserved it, but as I drove home, I didn’t feel good. My mind shifted to Sam’s elderly cousin Clifford George and how he was also able to motivate people into positive actions with laughter and gentle words, not verbal blasts. During a break at the Ipperwash inquiry, Clifford told me: "I've been asked a lot of times, 'Don't you hate white people? I can't hate nobody. ... I learned a long time ago if you want to have friends, you've got to be one." Another of his favorite sayings was, “Don’t look down on someone unless you’re going to help him up.”

Midway through the public inquiry, Clifford learned he had cancer too and he didn’t live to see Commissioner Sidney Linden’s final report. As I drove home after the journalism panel, I couldn’t escape feeling that we’re all on borrowed time, and that Sam and Clifford’s achievement in bringing out Debwewin is something that should be honoured and copied during our limited time.

There are plenty more stories like Ipperwash that desperately need to be told. We should be telling them together, rather than simply pointing fingers and being just more angry people.



Watch a video of the Canadian Journalism Foundation panel discussion featuring Peter Edwards, "
The Greatest Canadian Media Failure of the Century: Reporting on Aboriginal Issues."

Peter Edwards is a reporter for The Toronto Star and author of One Dead Indian. He won the first ever Debwewin Citation for excellence in journalism from the Union of Ontario Indians for his coverage of the Ipperwash issue. He is also the author of five other books, including A Mother’s Story: The Fight To Free My Son David (with Joyce Milgaard), which was shortlisted for an Arthur Ellis award.

Comments

I attended the Panel discussion that Peter Edwards refers to, ably moderated by Sally Armstrong. Peter's comments were thoughtful, heartfelt and lucid. In many ways a revelation for me and any others in the audience not entirely familiar with Ipperwash. The first person to stand-up was an axe-grinder, of no particular significance. He was treated by Peter and others as he deserved! Most everybody seemed to feel that Peter and his panel colleagues gave a truthful, albeit sobering account of the state-of-the-media-coverage. And commended the loyalty of their editors and management to the issues in face of overwhelming public indifference. Cheer-up, Peter! A very worthwhile evening.
Hello Peter, I am the "axe-grinder", the person "of no particular significance", as David Lint, the previous commenter characterised me as being, presumably the same David Lint who is the chairman and CEO of CineNova associated with CTV and a TV producer. He nicely illustrates one of the points I made to you after the meeting when you said essentially the same thing to me, "who are you and how dare you criticise me?" - namely, the arrogance of media personages when it comes to relating to the general public. As you pointed out, the title and focus of the panel discussion was "The Greatest Canadian Media Failure of the Century". How was this subject to be addressed when there were only two media people from the mainstream present on the panel - i.e., members of the very institution that contributed to the 'greatest failure' - plus many mainstream media people in the audience - unless people "of no particular significance" - from outside the industry - ask pointed questions? And how many pointed questions are you likely to receive when both you and your Star colleague "blast" questioners, to use your term. I was quite willing to assume, having not previously read either of you, that you were better than most in the mainstream, but both of you spent a great deal of time offering apologias for your colleagues: (a) no one wants to read good reporting, based on the 10-most-read list on the Star website; (b) readers are "bored" with the same old stories as there is nothing new to report on native issues; (c) reporters "don't have the time" to fully understand the issues based on the limited time they are allotted to get stories. You also just wrote that your are "proud" of being "a member of the mainstream media", despite it being characterised as "the greatest Canadian media failure of the century". Both you and Smith became angry when a person "of no particular significance pointed out the apologias. I previously heard the same excuses from a a Star ex-Middle East reporter during a presentation he gave on the difficulties encountered when reporting on Israel-Palestine. He also became extremely angry when I questioned him. A friend told me, from his experience, MSM members are invariably thin-skinned when questioned in this way. I approached you after the panel discussion to offer an apology for making you angry - it was not my intent. You were offended at being seen the same way as other MSM personages. You questioned my right to question you. You seemed to be especially prone to anger. You were angry when you told me in our personal conversation that you had ruined your career when you chose to write about native issues. This is quite a different picture from what you paint when you write that you are "proud ... and grateful that the Star allowed Harold Levy and I to stay with the story for more than a dozen years." I told you this story should have been told during the panel discussion. It says more about the state of the MSM than anything else said. Native issues do not matter to MSM editors and owners. The stories are boring because you can only write about a narrow range of subjects. If you told the full story of what is taking place in Caledonia, I guarantee it would not be boring, but you no doubt feel, presumably based on past experience, it would not be printed. That is how the culture of the newsroom works I am told. Reporters hotly deny they are told what not to write about. They don't have to be told when their efforts don't see the light of day. Peter, I plan to read your book, "One Dead Indian", but would it not be better to write about live natives before they get killed if you want to make a difference? I asked you if I would see you at Caledonia. Now is the time to go there and to write about what you see, before it turns into another tragedy or a requiem for another Dudley George. Your feelings about the George family are commendable, but if you really care, you will start writing now about Caledonia rather than following the usual MSM agenda - chasing the ambulances and reporting the sensational events after the protests begin. I pay regular visits to Caledonia, visiting with the protestors. I would like to invite you to come with me and encourage you to start writing now, before lives are again put in danger. If the story is told now, I do not think your readership will be bored and, more importantly, you may stand a chance of having what you write, published in The Star. After Ipperwash, the Liberal provincial government is acting more intelligently than the Harris government did. They seem to be working hard for a peaceful solution - by buying the land under dispute and roping in the OPP - but pressure from the townspeople is incessant and there is a stalemate at the moment which will only lead to another confrontation. An informed electorate, aka readership, would certainly help to encourage the government to seek a peaceful solution. I have worked with a number of indigenous cultures and am always amazed at their patience - a quality you describe Sam as having, "able to deliver a powerful message gently", "keeping his cool", who "doesn't allow himself to be goaded into anger", not wanting to be another "angry person". I, like you, come from a European culture - Irish in my case - prone to anger and donnybrooks. I talked recently with a man who recently visited the Occupied Territories. He was struck with how the Palestinians take so much from the Israelis, not reacting to the extreme provocations. It was admirable, he said, but he wondered if it was constructive to be so 'forgiving'. He told me tensions are building up and there is talk of a third intifada. That happens with forgiving cultures. The 'Sam's' at Caledonia are committed to non-violence - the only guns on the disputed land are those the OPP carry they like to point out - but inevitably, there will be another protest unless their very real grievances and claims are addressed. Everyone I tell my stories to when I come back from Caledonia are fascinated by them. If there is "overwhelming public indifference", as Lint describes it, it is not something I have experienced. Every time I go to Caledonia, I bring people with me to see for themselves and to talk with the protestors. Everyone has been amazed at the experience. They were not prepared for what they saw by anything they had read in the media. I welcome your response, here or in private. There is much more that needs to be said. By now, you must know I don't "blast" easily, but I try to reply with reason and from personal experience. Respectfully, Austin Whitten
I was in the audience when Peter Edwards talked so movingly about police/politician brutality at Ipperwash and the striking integrity and patience of the George family. I have long admired Peter's committed battle to shed light on what really happened at Ipperwash, whatever the cost, whatever the sacrifice. After the panel spoke, this Austin Whitten was allowed to take up far too much of the rest of the evening with an uninformed, unfocused and unbalanced ramble having little to do with Peter's thoughts and even less with the subject matter. Clearly, Whitten neither understands the media's role in society nor has he researched Peter's professional dedication to finding truth. He substitutes such understanding with first, a self-aggrandizing speech at the conference and now, a self-aggrandizing letter to the Canadian Journalism Project. Peter, I wish you debwewin. Tim Knight

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